Search results for "Positive-Pressure Respiration"
showing 10 items of 54 documents
Do ventilatory parameters influence outcome in patients with severe acute respiratory infection? Secondary analysis of an international, multicentre1…
2021
Purpose: To investigate the possible association between ventilatory settings on the first day of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and mortality in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI). Materials and methods: In this pre-planned sub-study of a prospective, multicentre observational study, 441 patients with SARI who received controlled IMV during the ICU stay were included in the analysis. Results: ICU and hospital mortality rates were 23.1 and 28.1%, respectively. In multivariable analysis, tidal volume and respiratory rate on the first day of IMV were not associated with an increased risk of death; however, higher driving pr…
Intraoperative positive end-expiratory pressure and postoperative pulmonary complications: a patient-level meta-analysis of three randomised clinical…
2022
BACKGROUND: High intraoperative PEEP with recruitment manoeuvres may improve perioperative outcomes. We re-examined this question by conducting a patient-level meta-analysis of three clinical trials in adult patients at increased risk for postoperative pulmonary complications who underwent non-cardiothoracic and non-neurological surgery. METHODS: The three trials enrolled patients at 128 hospitals in 24 countries from February 2011 to February 2018. All patients received volume-controlled ventilation with low tidal volume. Analyses were performed using one-stage, two-level, mixed modelling (site as a random effect; trial as a fixed effect). The primary outcome was a composite of postoperati…
Impact of hypertonic saline nebulisation combined with oscillatory positive expiratory pressure on sputum expectoration and related symptoms in cysti…
2018
Abstract Objective To evaluate the impact of combining nebulised hyaluronic acid plus hypertonic saline (HA + HS) with oscillatory positive expiratory pressure (oscillatory-PEP) on sputum expectoration and related symptoms in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). Design Randomised crossover trial. Setting Seven centres. Participants Twenty-two outpatients with CF. Interventions Usual care (HA + HS followed by autogenic drainage) and combined therapy (HA + HS with oscillatory-PEP followed by autogenic drainage]. Each treatment was performed for 5 days. Main outcome measures Sputum expectoration was measured during the nebulisation period (primary outcome), during autogenic drainage and for 24 ho…
Effect of Lung Recruitment and Titrated Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) vs Low PEEP on Mortality in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress …
2017
Importance The effects of recruitment maneuvers and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration on clinical outcomes in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain uncertain. Objective To determine if lung recruitment associated with PEEP titration according to the best respiratory-system compliance decreases 28-day mortality of patients with moderate to severe ARDS compared with a conventional low-PEEP strategy. Design, Setting, and Participants Multicenter, randomized trial conducted at 120 intensive care units (ICUs) from 9 countries from November 17, 2011, through April 25, 2017, enrolling adults with moderate to severe ARDS. Interventions An experimental strat…
Tidal Volume Estimation during Helmet Noninvasive Ventilation: an Experimental Feasibility Study
2019
AbstractWe performed a bench (BS) and human (HS) study to test the hypothesis that estimation of tidal volume (VT) during noninvasive helmet pressure support ventilation (nHPSV) would be possible using a turbine driven ventilator (TDV) coupled with an intentional leak single-limb vented circuit. During the BS a mannequin was connected to a lung simulator (LS) and at different conditions of respiratory mechanics, positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels and leaks (30, 50 and 80 L/min). All differences were within the 95% limits of agreement (LoA) in all conditions in the Bland-Altman plot. The overall bias (difference between VT measured by TDV and LS) was 35 ml (95% LoA 10 to 57 ml), …
Chest wall mechanics during pressure support ventilation.
2005
Introduction During pressure support ventilation (PSV) a part of the breathing pattern is controlled by the patient, and synchronization of respiratory muscle action and the resulting chest wall kinematics is a valid indicator of the patient's adaptation to the ventilator. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of different PSV settings on ventilatory pattern, total and compartmental chest wall kinematics and dynamics, muscle pressures and work of breathing in patients with acute lung injury. Method In nine patients four different levels of PSV (5, 10, 15 and 25 cmH2O) were randomly applied with the same level of positive end-expiratory pressure (10 cmH2O). Flow, airway ope…
Kinetics of plasma biomarkers of inflammation and lung injury in surgical patients with or without postoperative pulmonary complications
2017
Background Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are common after major abdominal surgery. The kinetics of plasma biomarkers could improve identification of patients developing PPCs, but the kinetics may depend on intraoperative ventilator settings. Objective To test whether the kinetics of plasma biomarkers are capable of identifying patients who will develop PPCs, and whether the kinetics depend on the intraoperative level of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Design A preplanned substudy of a randomised controlled trial. Setting Operation room of five centres. Patients Two hundred and forty-two adult patients scheduled for abdominal surgery at risk of developing PPCs. Interv…
The AVL-mode: a safe closed loop algorithm for ventilation during total intravenous anesthesia.
1994
The Adaptive Lung Ventilation Controller (ALV-Controller) represents a new approach to closed loop control of ventilation. It is based on a pressure controlled ventilation mode. Adaptive lung ventilation signifies automatic breath by breath adaptation of breathing patterns to the lung mechanics of an individual patient. The specific goals are to minimize work of breathing, to maintain a preset alveolar ventilation and to prevent the occurrence of intrinsic PEEP. We ventilated 5 patients undergoing major abdominal procedures using ALV. ALV was tolerated well in all patients. Alveolar ventilation was preset between 5500 and 6500 ml/min. Serial dead space (Vds) and respiratory time constant (r…
The Association of Intraoperative driving pressure with postoperative pulmonary complications in open versus closed abdominal surgery patients – a po…
2021
Abstract Background It is uncertain whether the association of the intraoperative driving pressure (ΔP) with postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) depends on the surgical approach during abdominal surgery. Our primary objective was to determine and compare the association of time–weighted average ΔP (ΔPTW) with PPCs. We also tested the association of ΔPTW with intraoperative adverse events. Methods Posthoc retrospective propensity score–weighted cohort analysis of patients undergoing open or closed abdominal surgery in the ‘Local ASsessment of Ventilatory management during General Anaesthesia for Surgery’ (LAS VEGAS) study, that included patients in 146 hospitals across 29 countries.…
Gastric insufflation pressure, air leakage and respiratory mechanics in the use of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in children.
2004
Summary Background : The objective of the present study was to evaluate the prelaryngeal position of the laryngeal mask airway (LMATM) in children, and to determine the influence of mask positioning on gastric insufflation and oropharyngeal air leakage. Methods : A total of 100 children, 3–11 years old, scheduled for surgical procedures in the supine position under general anaesthesia were studied. After clinically satisfactory LMA placement, tidal volumes were increased stepwise until air entered the stomach, airway pressure exceeded 30 cmH2O, or air leakage from the mask seal prevented further increases in tidal volume. LMA position in relation to the laryngeal entrance was verified using…